Sudan Experience Project: Topical Reference List
View the Printable Version or download in Word Format (recommended). Please note that names assume several different spellings when translated ('K' and 'Q' are often used interchangebly, as are vowels).
III. Acronyms
IV. Indigenous
Groups
A. Ethnic Groups
B. Religious Orders
C. Political, Military, & Civil Society Organizations
V. Major
Personages
A.
Names: Last/First
VI. Etc
All cities listed are inside Sudan unless otherwise noted
REGIONS
Ash Shamālīyah
Nahr An Nīl
Al Bahr Al Ahmar
Shamāl Dārfūr
Gharb Dārfūr
Janūb Dārfūr
Shamāl Kurdufān
Gharb Kurdufān
Janūb Kurdufān
Al Wahdah
Shamāl Bahr Al Ghazāl
Gharb Bahr Al Ghazāl
Warab
Bharb Al Istiwā’īyah
Bahr Al Jabal
Al Buhayrāt
Junqalī
Sharq Al Istiwā’īyah
A’Ālī An Nīl (Upper Nile)
An Nīl Al Azraq
Sinnār
Al Jazīrah
An Nīl Al Abyad
Al Qadārif
Kassalā
Al Khartūm
From CIA:
A’ali an Nil
Al Bahr al Ahmar
Al Buhayrat
Al Jazirah
Al Khartum
Al Qadarif
Al Wahdah
An Nil al Abyad
An Nil al Azraq
Ash Shamaliyah
Bahr al Jabal
Gharb al Istiwa’iyah
Bharb Bahr al Ghazal
Gharb Darfur
Gharb Kurdufan
Janub Darfur
Janub Kurdufan
Junqali
Kassala
Nahr an Nil
Shamal Bahr al Ghazal
Shamal Darfur
Shamal Kurdufan
Sharq al Istiwa’iyah
Sinnar
Warab
NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
Central African Republic
Chad
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Libya
Uganda
MAJOR CITIES
Khartoum
Omdurman
Port Sudan
Kassala
Kosti
Juba
Dunqunāb
Sawākin
Tawkar
Hayya
Ad Dāmir
‘Atbarah
Dunqulah
Kuraymah
Wādī Halfā
Al Fāshir
Al Junaynah
Nyala
Uwayl
Wāw
Warab
Yambio
Rumbek
Yei
Nimule
Kapoeta
Bor
Junqalī
Bentiu
Pibor Post
Nāsir
Malakāl
Babanūsah
An Nuhūd
Al Ubayyid
Kāduqlī
Kurmuk
Ar Rank
Al Jabalayn
Rabak
Kūstī
Ad Duwaym
Jabal al Awliya
Ad Damazin
Sinjah
Sannār
Wad Madanī
Al Qadārif
Halfā’ Dughaym
ALL CITIES/TOWNS
RIVERS
Nile River
Blue Nile
White Nile
Wādī Amūr
Nahr ‘Atbarah
Nahr ad Dindar
Nahr Subāt
Pibor
Lotilla
Kangen
Bahr al Jabal
Bahr al Ghazāl
Nahr al Jūr
Bahr al ‘Arab
Ākobo Wenz
Atbara
LAKES
Lake Nubia
MOUNTAINS
Nuba Mountains
OTHER
Libyan Desert
Marra Plateau
Nubian Desert
Red Sea
Roseires Dam
«RETURN
TO TOP»
III.
Acronyms
AACC - All African Conference of Churches
AC - Advisory Council
ACNS - Advisory Council for Northern Sudan
ABC - Abyei Boundary Commission
AD - Asmara Declaration
ADE - African Declaration on Elections
AEC - Assessment and Evaluation Commission
ALF - Azania Liberation Front
AMIS - African Mission in Sudan
ANAF - Anya- Nya Armed Forces
AU - African Union
BC - Beha Congress
BGG - Bahr el Ghazal Group, SPLM
BNCF - Blue Nile Citizens Front
CBTF - Capacity Building Trust Fund
CCSS - Coordinating Council for the Southern States
CMA - Civil/Military Administrator
CPA - Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CPS - Communist Party of Sudan
CPMT - Civilian Protection Monitoring Team (one of Danforth’s tests for peace)
CSIS - Center for Strategic and International Studies
DDR - Disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation process
DOP - Declaration of Principles (1994)
DUP - Democratic Unionist Party
EC - Equatorial Corps
EDF - Equatoria Defense Force
EP - Equatorial Province
FASA - Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements
FNIF - Fundamentalist National Islamic Front
GOS - Government of Sudan
GOSS - Government of South Sudan
GNU - Government of National Unity
HEC - High Executive Council, Regional Government, South Sudan
IC - Independent Commissions
ICF - Islamic Charter Front
IDP - Internally displaced person
IEC - Independent Electoral Commission
IMF - International Monetary Fund
IGAD - Inter- Governmental Authority on Development
IGADD - Inter- Governmental Authority on Drought and Development
IPF - IGAD Partners Forum
JAM - Joint Assessment Mission of UN and World Bank
JDB - Joint Defense Board
JEM - Justice and Equality Movement
JIU - Joint/Integrated Units (service arms)
JMC - Joint Military Command (NDA)
JNTT - Joint National Transition Team (first formal joint national entity acceptable to both the North and the South)
KDD - Koka Dam Declaration
KDPA - Koka Dam Provisions
KPA - Khartoum Peace Agreement
KRTC - Khartoum Round Table Conference
LAS - League of Arab States
LC - Leadership Council (NDA)
LFA - Land Freedom Army
MOU - Memorandum of Understanding (October 15, 2002)
NC - National Congress
NCC - National Constitutional Conference
NCP - National Congress Party (formerly the NIF)
NDA - National Democratic Alliance
NDC - National Defense Council
NIF - National Islamic Front
NLC - National Land Commission
NPC - National Popular Congress
NSCC - New Sudan Council of Churches
NTNG - New Transitional Central Government
NUP - National Unionist Party
OAU - Organization of African Unity
OIC - Organization of the Islamic Conference
OLS - Operation Lifeline Sudan
PAC - Pan- African Congress
PDF - Popular Defense Force
PDP - People’s Democratic Party
PNC - Popular National Congress
PPP - People’s Progressive Party
PRA - People’s Regional Assembly
RCC - Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
RTC - Round Table Conference on South Sudan Conflict, 1965
SAC - Sudan African Congress
SACDNU - Sudan African Closed Districts National Union
SAF - Sudanese Armed Forces
SALF - Sudan African Liberation Front
SANU - Sudan African National Union
SAPCO - Sudan African People’s Congress Organization
SCC - Sudan Council of Churches
SCP - Sudanese Communist Party (1944)
SF - Southern Front
SFP - Sudan Federal Party
SLA - Sudan Liberation Army
SLM - Sudan Liberation Movement
SNAF - Sudan’s National Armed Forces
SPAF - Sudanese People’s Armed Forces
SPDF - Sudan People’s Democratic Front
SPLA - Sudan People’s Liberation Army
SPLM - Sudan People’s Liberation Movement
SPLM/A - Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army
SRC - Special Referendum Commission
SSDF - Southern Sudanese Defense Forces
SSIA - South Sudanese Independence Army
SSIG - South Sudan Independence Group
SSIM - South Sudan Independence Movement
SSIM/A - South Sudan Independence Movement/Army
SSLA - South Sudan Liberation Army
SSLM - South Sudan Liberation Movement
SSPA - Southern Sudanese Political Association
SSU - Sudan Socialist Union
SSUM - South Sudan Unity Movement
TMC - Transitional Military Council
TNA - Transitional National Assembly
UDSF - United Democratic Salvation Front
UMC - United Military Command
UN - United Nations
UNCHR - United Nations Commission on Human Rights
UNDP - United Nations Development Program
UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNMIS - United Nations Mission in Sudan
USAID - United States Agency for International Development
USAP - Union of Sudan African Parties
WFP - World Food Program
A.
ETHNIC GROUPS
Arab Muslims (Northern Region)
African Christians (Southern Region)
Hamitic Beja
Kababish (northern Kordofan)
Ja’alin
Shaigiyya
Baggara (Kordofan and Darfur)
Nubian (northern Nile area)
Dinka
Shilluk
Nuer
Azande
Bor
Jo Luo
Acholi
Lotuhu
Jamala
Fertit
Murle
Equatorian
B.
RELIGIOUS ORDERS
Islam (official religion)
Sunni Muslim
Christianity – Roman Catholic, Anglican, Coptic, Greek Orthodox
Indigenous Nilotic religions
Other indigenous faiths
C. POLITICAL, MILITARY, & CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
Arab League - the League of Arab States; association of independent countries (including Sudan) dedicated to strengthening ties between member states and promoting common interests
Baath - secular political party from the North; sided w/Baath party in Iraq, support unification of Sudan with Libya or Egypt
Boyya militia - formed in Equatoria as means of defense against SPLM/A; also known as Taposa militia
Didinga militia - formed in Equatoria as means of defense against SPLM/A
Islamic Charter Front - 1974, political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood
Mobile Forces Group - part of the SSDF; formed at Juba Conference in April 2001
Mundari Forces - militia which is part of SSDF, signed formal agreement with GOS, led by Kelement Wani; self- defense organization but now major component of SSDF and critical to defense of Juba
Muslim Brotherhood - Islamist activist movement
National Congress Party - ruling party
National Front - formed in 1974; conservative opposition to Nimeiri, dissolved 1977
Organization of the Islamic Conference - inter- governmental organization with permanent delegation to the UN, representing 56 Islamic nations dedicated to serving the interests of the world’s Muslims
Republican Brothers - religious party from the 1980s, created by Mahmud Muhammad Taha
Southern Coordinating Council - always been headed by a Nuer with an Equatorian deputy; focal point for Khartoum- based southern politicians and chairman Riek Gai
Southern Regional Assembly - elected assembly created under the 1972 Addis Ababa accords to govern southern Sudan
Southern Sudanese Political Assoc. - civilian cabinet created by TMC but failed
Umma Party -
Ahmed, Khidir Haroun - vacant [Ambassador to the US from 2001]
Akol, Lam - Foreign Minister; a Shilluk; part of SPLM/A- United with Machar in 1991
Al- Bashir, Omar Hassan Ahmed - President of Sudan, overthrows Sadiq 1989; also spelled “Beshir”
Al Mahdi, Sadiq - head of Umma party; forms coalition gov’t in 1986 with DUP and NIF; again in 1988, new coalition 1989
Al- Marghani, Mohamed Osman - president of the NDA; exiled opposition chief
Amum, Pagan - General Secretary of the NDA of Sudan
Anour, El Tom - commander of the Bahr El Ghazal Military Area of SSDF Military High Command; major general in the Sudanese army
Arman, Yassir - spokesperson for the SPLM
Arok, Aron Thon - formed the Bor Group
Badri, Gabril Abdul Kareen - National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD) Field Commander; designated for target sanctions pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1591
Bihl, Tito - former deputy to Taban Deng, lead SSIM party
Dhahab, Abd ar Rahman Siwar adh - overthrew Nimeiri 1985; sets up TMC to rule
Deng, Francis - grandson of former chief of Ngok Dinka in Abyei region
Deng, Gatluak - elected Chief of Staff of SSDF; confidant of Paulino Matiep; organized the Juba conference
Deng, Taban - candidate for the oil- rich Unity State, affiliated with Riek Machar
Doc, Gabriel Yoal - one of leaders of SSLM
Duany, Michael Wal - American citizen and professor of political science at Indiana University; leader of SSLM
Gadet, Peter - most active commander under Paulino Matiep in SSUM until May 2003
Gai, Riek - former chairman of the Southern Coordinating Council, a body created to administer areas under its control in the South; member of the ruling National Congress Party
Gai, Taban Deng - SPLM commander; government claimed to be working with him in 2005 but he denied it, accusing the gov’t of being responsible for the attack on Akobo
Garang, John - chairman of the SPLM/A (deceased)
Gatduel, James - first deputy of SSUM
Gatwich, Simon - Nuer area in Waat region; SSDF
Ginye, Gabriel Tang - commander who split from SSDF after 1998; from north- east Upper Nile area; contributed to burning of villages and displacement of peoples
Godana, Bonaya - Kenyan foreign minister, headed IGAD
Guer, Deng - led SSDF militia; defected to the SPLA
Hassan al- Turabi - Leader of the National Islamic Front, 1986
Hilal, Sheikh Musa - Paramount Chief of the Jalul Tribe in North Darfur; designated for target sanctions pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1591
Igga, James Wani - Third Deputy Chairman; designated to lead the governance issues in SPLM areas committee at the Rumbeck meeting in 2005
Ismail, Mustafa Osman - Sudanese Foreign Minister
Juch, Teny and Timothy Taban - Nuer area commanders in Akobo area; SSDF
Juuc, Timothy Taban - Cdr; became a Brigadier in the regular army, led an attack on Akobo in February of 2005 as part of the SSLA
Kenyi, Martin Terensio - American- educated military leader from Mahdi tribe; one of leaders of EDF – military commander
Kiir, Salva - Successor of John Garang; SPLM member; First Vice President; deputy and military Chief of Staff
Kiplagat, Bethuel - Ambassador from Kenya; observed the recent peace talks in Sudan along with Sumbeiywo
Kong, Gordon - veteran under whom a Nasir group formed after a split in the SSDF in 1998 over power; deputy chief of staff for operations in SSDF Military High Command
Kuany, Benson - leader of the Mobile Forces of the SSDF
Lagu, Joseph - elected head of SSLM in 1971
Luc, John - former judge; played critical role in establishment of SSLM, also part of SPLM/A
Mabior, Thomas - burned villages and displaced thousands of villagers; from the northern Jongelei area; commander, split from SSDF
Makuei, Kawach - signed Khartoum Agreement on behalf of SSIG; senior member of the SPLM/A
Malwal, Joseph - minister in the national government; led dominant section of UDSF
Manis, Omar Bashir Mohamed - vacant [Ambassador to the UN]
Matiep, Paulino - leader of the SSDF; created SSUM
Mashar, Riek - Nuer, former Garang lieutenant; led rebel factions that agreed to sign a series of agreements with the government in 1997; head of SPLM/A- United when the party split in 1991
Moi, James - leading SPLM member and chairman of the high committee for reception of the delegation (IGAD peace talks)
Mum, Thon/Tom - Dinka commander, militia leader of SSDF; defected to local SPLA
Nafie, Nafie Ali - Minister of Federal Affairs
Nhial, Nhial Deng - senior official and governor of the SPLA region of Bahr El Ghazal, headed Khartoum delegation of Sudan Peace Talks
Nimeiri, Gaafar Muhammad - President 1971- 85, in 1983 wants to enforce Islamic law more severely in penal code, establishes decisive justice courts, and contributes to the resuming of civil war in Sudan
Ochieng, Theopholis - doctor and politician, one of leaders of EDF since 1980s
Riak, Kelia - leader of the Bor Group
Sahnoun, Mohamed - UN Secretary General’s Special Advisor
Sule, Peter - head of the United Democratic Front, a break- away faction of the SSDF
Sumbeiywo, Lazaro - General; Army Commander for the Gov’t of Kenya; key actor in the Machakos talks
Taban, Timothy - senior military commander of the SSLM
Taha, Ali Osman Muhamad - Vice President of Sudan (First Vice during the peace talks)
Taha, Mahmud Muhammad - Sufi shaykh, founded the Republican Brothers in the 1950s as an Islamic reform movement
Tang, Gabriel - Nuer area commander in north- east Upper Nile region; SSDF
Terensio, Martin - overall commander of SSDF forces in Equatoria
Tibi, Peter - Reverend; deputy secretary general of the New Sudan Council of Churches
El- Turabi, Hassan - head of the Popular National Congress Party; jailed by former colleagues for the past few years
Wanagi, James - leading member of the SPLM/A from Equatoria; represents one wing of the Fertit
Wani, Kelement - leader of the Mundari Forces; former officer of Anyanya I and member of National Congress Party, advisor to SSDF, and deputy chairman of Southern Coordinating Council
Abyei Boundary Commission - Set up July 14, 2005 to try and settle the North- South border dispute
Addis Ababa Agreement - Signed 1972; guaranteed autonomy for the southern region of Sudan
Anyanya - rebel movement; signed Addis Ababa Agreement 1972
Bor Group - one of the signatories to the Khartoum Agreement
Darfur - region located in western area of Sudan, near the border of Chad
DUP- SPLM Agreement - 1988 (Nov) implemented by Sadiq, commitment to ending southern civil war
IGAD- Partners Forum - meetings of donor countries and organizations are held to support the IGAD peace process and assist in regional organization to enhance capacity
Jalaba - term for northerners
Jellaba - Arab Northerners
Jingaweit/Janjaweed - Sudanese government army/militia of Arabized black African Muslims to control rebel movements of black non- Arab Africans
Juba - Capital city of southern Sudanese region
Khartoum - Capital city of Sudan
Kober Prison - political detainees held here were released in 1985
Koka Dam Declaration - March 1986, demands repeal of sharia, desires Sudan free from racism and sectarianism
Libyan/Egyptian Joint Initiative on the Sudan - called for the establishment of an interim government, powersharing, constitutional reform, and new elections
Machakos Protocol - July 2002, Sudanese government and SPLM/A agree on the role of state and religion, as well as southern Sudan self- determination
Nairobi Declaration on the Final Phase of Peace - signed June 6, 2004, ending civil war
Naivasha Agreement -
Nasir faction - another name for the SPLM/A- United party after the SPLM/A split in 1991; headed by Riek Machar and Lam Akol
National Unity Day - March 27, 1972 – when Addis Ababa Agreement is signed, unity for Southern Sudan
September Laws - Nimeiri’s 1983 proclamation of sharia as the basis of Sudanese legal system and redivision of Southern Sudan into 3 old provinces
Sharia - Islamic law
Shayk - local tribal leader
Sudan Peace Act - law H.R. 5531, signed October 7, 2002 in US House of Reps condemning human rights violations, calling for multilateralization of economic and diplomatic tools, seeking to find a comprehensive solution to the war
Torit faction - another name for the SPLM/A mainstream party lead by Dr John Garang when the SPLM/A split in 1991
Wallis - term for governors
Wealth Sharing Agreement - part of the CPA, covers the division of oil and non- oil revenues, the management of the oil sector, the monetary authority and reconstruction of the South and other war- affected areas during pre- interim and interim periods
White Nile Ltd. - Company in Block Ba; in Feb 2005 signed agreement with government of south Sudan to acquire 60% interest in Block Ba
For
further information or to volunteer for an interview, please contact:
Executive Director
executivedirector@adst.org
703-302-6991