ÿþ<html> <head> <title>The Sudan Experience Project (SEP) Topical Reference List</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body bgcolor="black" text="#000000"> <table align="center" border="2" bgcolor="beige" cellpadding="20"width="600" bordercolor="#000033" > <tr> <td bgcolor="#660000" width="161"> <img border="4" img src="logo.gif"></td> <td colspan="6" width="579" bgcolor="#660000"><img border="4" src="banner2.gif"></td> </tr> <tr > <td rowspan="6" valign="top" width="161" bgcolor="#660000"> <p><a href="index.html"><img src="home.gif" border="0"></a> <a href="questions.htm"><img src="questions.gif" border="0"></a><a href="release.htm"><img src="releases.gif" border="0"></a><a href="reference.htm"><img src="reference.gif" border="0"></a><a href="interviewers.htm"><img src="interviewers.gif" border="0"></a><a href="transcribers.htm"><img src="transcribers.gif" border="0"></a><a href="directions.htm"><img src="directions.gif" border="0"></a> </td> <tr> <td colspan=2 width="396"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font size="4">Sudan Experience Project: </font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><font size="4">Topical Reference List</font></b></font></b></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><i><font size="-1">V</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">iew the <a href="all2.htm"><b>Printable Version</b></a> or download in <a href="all.doc"><b>Word</b></a> Format (recommended).<font size="2"> </font></font><b>Please note that names assume several different spellings when translated ('K' and 'Q' are often used interchangebly, as are vowels). </b></i> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a name="top"></a><b><font size="2">CONTENTS</font></b></font></p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>I. <a href="#cities">Cities, Towns, and Regions</a></b></font></p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>II. <a href="#geo">Geographical Features</a></b></font></p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>III. <a href="#acronyms">Acronyms</a></b></font></p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>IV. <a href="#groups">Indigenous Groups</a></b><br> A. <a href="#ethnic">Ethnic Groups</a><br> B. <a href="#religious">Religious Orders</a><br> C. <a href="#political">Political, Military, &amp; Civil Society Organizations</a></font></p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>V. <a href="#major">Major Personages<br> </a></b></font><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A. <a href="#last"> Names: Last/First</a><br> </p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>VI. <a href="#expressions">Etc</a></b><br> <p> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=2 width="396"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a name="cities"></a><b><font size="4">I. Cities, Towns, and Regions</font></b><br> <font size="2">All cities listed are inside Sudan unless otherwise noted</font></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>REGIONS</b><br> Ash Shaml+yah<BR> Nahr An N+l<BR> Al Bahðr Al Ahmar<BR> Shaml Drfkr<BR> Gharb Drfkr <BR> Jankb Drfkr<BR> Shaml Kurdufn<BR> Gharb Kurdufn<BR> Jankb Kurdufn<BR> Al Wahdah<BR> Shaml Bahr Al Ghazl<BR> Gharb Bahr Al Ghazl<BR> Warab<BR> Bharb Al Istiw +yah<BR> Bahr Al Jabal<BR> Al Buhayrt <BR> Junqal+<BR> Sharq Al Istiw +yah<BR> A l+ An N+l (Upper Nile)<BR> An N+l Al Azraq <BR> Sinnr <BR> Al Jaz+rah<BR> An N+l Al Abyad<BR> Al Qadrif<BR> Kassal<BR> Al Khartkm<BR> <BR> <B>From CIA: </B><BR>A ali an Nil<BR> Al Bahr al Ahmar<BR> Al Buhayrat<BR> Al Jazirah<BR> Al Khartum<BR> Al Qadarif<BR> Al Wahdah<BR> An Nil al Abyad<BR> An Nil al Azraq<BR> Ash Shamaliyah<BR> Bahr al Jabal<BR> Gharb al Istiwa iyah<BR> Bharb Bahr al Ghazal<BR> Gharb Darfur<BR> Gharb Kurdufan<BR> Janub Darfur<BR> Janub Kurdufan<BR> Junqali<BR> Kassala<BR> Nahr an Nil<BR> Shamal Bahr al Ghazal<BR> Shamal Darfur<BR> Shamal Kurdufan<BR> Sharq al Istiwa iyah<BR> Sinnar<BR> Warab<BR> </font> </p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES</b><br> Central African Republic<BR> Chad<BR> Democratic Republic of the Congo<BR> Egypt<BR> Eritrea<BR> Ethiopia<BR> Kenya<BR> Libya<BR> Uganda<BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>MAJOR CITIES</b><br> Khartoum <BR> Omdurman<BR> Port Sudan<BR> Kassala<BR> Kosti<BR> Juba<BR> Dunqunb<BR> Sawkin<BR> Tawkar<BR> Hayya<BR> Ad Dmir<BR>  Atbarah<BR> Dunqulah<BR> Kuraymah<BR> Wd+ Half<BR> Al Fshir<BR> Al Junaynah<BR> Nyala<BR> Uwayl<BR> Ww<BR> Warab<BR> Yambio<BR> Rumbek<BR> Yei<BR> Nimule<BR> Kapoeta<BR> Bor<BR> Junqal+<BR> Bentiu<BR> Pibor Post<BR> Nsir<BR> Malakl<BR> Babanksah<BR> An Nuhkd<BR> Al Ubayyid<BR> Kduql+<BR> Kurmuk<BR> Ar Rank<BR> Al Jabalayn<BR> Rabak<BR> Kkst+<BR> Ad Duwaym<BR> Jabal al Awliya<BR> Ad Damazin<BR> Sinjah<BR> Sannr<BR> Wad Madan+<BR> Al Qadrif<BR> Half Dughaym<BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">ALL CITIES/TOWNS</font></b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><br> <!-Some cities / towns here!-> </font></p> </td> <td width="4" valign="top"> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> <!-More cities / towns here!-> </font></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan=2 width="396"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a name="geo"></a><font size="4"><b>II. Geographical Features </b></font></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>RIVERS </b><br> Nile River<BR> Blue Nile<BR> White Nile<BR> Wd+ Amkr<BR> Nahr  Atbarah<BR> Nahr ad Dindar<BR> Nahr Subt<BR> Pibor<BR> Lotilla<BR> Kangen<BR> Bahr al Jabal<BR> Bahr al Ghazl<BR> Nahr al Jkr<BR> Bahr al  Arab<BR> kobo Wenz<BR> Atbara<BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>LAKES</b><br> Lake Nubia<BR></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>MOUNTAINS</b><br> Nuba Mountains<BR></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>OTHER</b><br> Libyan Desert<BR> Marra Plateau<BR> Nubian Desert<BR> Red Sea<BR> Roseires Dam<BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font><br> <br> <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><font size="4"><a name="acronyms"></a></font></font><font size="4"><b>III. Acronyms</b></font></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> <BR><B>AACC</B> - All African Conference of Churches <BR><B>AC</B> - Advisory Council <BR><B>ACNS</B> - Advisory Council for Northern Sudan <BR><B>ABC</B> - Abyei Boundary Commission <BR><B>AD</B> - Asmara Declaration <BR><B>ADE</B> - African Declaration on Elections <BR><B>AEC</B> - Assessment and Evaluation Commission <BR><B>ALF </B> - Azania Liberation Front <BR><B>AMIS</B> - African Mission in Sudan <BR><B>ANAF </B> - Anya- Nya Armed Forces <BR><B>AU</B> - African Union <BR><B>BC</B> - Beha Congress <BR><B>BGG</B> - Bahr el Ghazal Group, SPLM <BR><B>BNCF</B> - Blue Nile Citizens Front <BR><B>CBTF</B> - Capacity Building Trust Fund <BR><B>CCSS</B> - Coordinating Council for the Southern States <BR><B>CMA</B> - Civil/Military Administrator <BR><B>CPA</B> - Comprehensive Peace Agreement <BR><B>CPS</B> - Communist Party of Sudan <BR><B>CPMT</B> - Civilian Protection Monitoring Team (one of Danforth s tests for peace) <BR><B>CSIS</B> - Center for Strategic and International Studies <BR><B>DDR</B> - Disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation process <BR><B>DOP</B> - Declaration of Principles (1994) <BR><B>DUP</B> - Democratic Unionist Party <BR><B>EC</B> - Equatorial Corps <BR><B>EDF</B> - Equatoria Defense Force <BR><B>EP</B> - Equatorial Province <BR><B>FASA</B> - Framework Agreement on Security Arrangements <BR><B>FNIF</B> - Fundamentalist National Islamic Front <BR><B>GOS</B> - Government of Sudan <BR><B>GOSS</B> - Government of South Sudan <BR><B>GNU</B> - Government of National Unity <BR><B>HEC</B> - High Executive Council, Regional Government, South Sudan <BR><B>IC</B> - Independent Commissions <BR><B>ICF</B> - Islamic Charter Front <BR><B>IDP</B> - Internally displaced person <BR><B>IEC</B> - Independent Electoral Commission <BR><B>IMF</B> - International Monetary Fund <BR><B>IGAD</B> - Inter- Governmental Authority on Development <BR><B>IGADD</B> - Inter- Governmental Authority on Drought and Development <BR><B>IPF</B> - IGAD Partners Forum <BR><B>JAM</B> - Joint Assessment Mission of UN and World Bank <BR><B>JDB</B> - Joint Defense Board <BR><B>JEM</B> - Justice and Equality Movement <BR><B>JIU</B> - Joint/Integrated Units (service arms) <BR><B>JMC</B> - Joint Military Command (NDA) <BR><B>JNTT</B> - Joint National Transition Team (first formal joint national entity acceptable to both the North and the South) <BR><B>KDD</B> - Koka Dam Declaration <BR><B>KDPA</B> - Koka Dam Provisions <BR><B>KPA</B> - Khartoum Peace Agreement <BR><B>KRTC</B> - Khartoum Round Table Conference <BR><B>LAS</B> - League of Arab States <BR><B>LC</B> - Leadership Council (NDA) <BR><B>LFA</B> - Land Freedom Army <BR><B>MOU</B> - Memorandum of Understanding (October 15, 2002) <BR><B>NC</B> - National Congress <BR><B>NCC</B> - National Constitutional Conference <BR><B>NCP</B> - National Congress Party (formerly the NIF) <BR><B>NDA</B> - National Democratic Alliance <BR><B>NDC</B> - National Defense Council <BR><B>NIF</B> - National Islamic Front <BR><B>NLC</B> - National Land Commission <BR><B>NPC</B> - National Popular Congress <BR><B>NSCC</B> - New Sudan Council of Churches <BR><B>NTNG</B> - New Transitional Central Government <BR><B>NUP</B> - National Unionist Party <BR><B>OAU</B> - Organization of African Unity <BR><B>OIC</B> - Organization of the Islamic Conference <BR><B>OLS</B> - Operation Lifeline Sudan <BR><B>PAC</B> - Pan- African Congress <BR><B>PDF</B> - Popular Defense Force <BR><B>PDP</B> - People s Democratic Party <BR><B>PNC</B> - Popular National Congress <BR><B>PPP</B> - People s Progressive Party <BR><B>PRA</B> - People s Regional Assembly <BR><B>RCC</B> - Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation <BR><B>RTC</B> - Round Table Conference on South Sudan Conflict, 1965 <BR><B>SAC</B> - Sudan African Congress <BR><B>SACDNU</B> - Sudan African Closed Districts National Union <BR><B>SAF</B> - Sudanese Armed Forces <BR><B>SALF</B> - Sudan African Liberation Front <BR><B>SANU</B> - Sudan African National Union <BR><B>SAPCO</B> - Sudan African People s Congress Organization <BR><B>SCC</B> - Sudan Council of Churches <BR><B>SCP</B> - Sudanese Communist Party (1944) <BR><B>SF</B> - Southern Front <BR><B>SFP</B> - Sudan Federal Party <BR><B>SLA</B> - Sudan Liberation Army <BR><B>SLM</B> - Sudan Liberation Movement <BR><B>SNAF</B> - Sudan s National Armed Forces <BR><B>SPAF</B> - Sudanese People s Armed Forces <BR><B>SPDF</B> - Sudan People s Democratic Front <BR><B>SPLA</B> - Sudan People s Liberation Army <BR><B>SPLM</B> - Sudan People s Liberation Movement <BR><B>SPLM/A</B> - Sudan People s Liberation Movement/Army <BR><B>SRC</B> - Special Referendum Commission <BR><B>SSDF</B> - Southern Sudanese Defense Forces <BR><B>SSIA</B> - South Sudanese Independence Army <BR><B>SSIG</B> - South Sudan Independence Group <BR><B>SSIM</B> - South Sudan Independence Movement <BR><B>SSIM/A</B> - South Sudan Independence Movement/Army <BR><B>SSLA</B> - South Sudan Liberation Army <BR><B>SSLM</B> - South Sudan Liberation Movement <BR><B>SSPA</B> - Southern Sudanese Political Association <BR><B>SSU</B> - Sudan Socialist Union <BR><B>SSUM</B> - South Sudan Unity Movement <BR><B>TMC</B> - Transitional Military Council <BR><B>TNA</B> - Transitional National Assembly <BR><B>UDSF</B> - United Democratic Salvation Front <BR><B>UMC</B> - United Military Command <BR><B>UN</B> - United Nations <BR><B>UNCHR</B> - United Nations Commission on Human Rights <BR><B>UNDP</B> - United Nations Development Program <BR><B>UNHCR</B> - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees <BR><B>UNMIS</B> - United Nations Mission in Sudan <BR><B>USAID</B> - United States Agency for International Development <BR><B>USAP</B> - Union of Sudan African Parties <BR><B>WFP</B> - World Food Program </font></font> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> <p><br><b><font size="4"><a name="groups"></a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">IV. Indigenous Groups </font></font> </b> </p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a name="ethnic"></a><b>A. ETHNIC GROUPS</b></font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> <BR>Arab Muslims (Northern Region) <BR>African Christians (Southern Region) <BR>Hamitic Beja <BR>Kababish (northern Kordofan) <BR>Ja alin <BR>Shaigiyya <BR>Baggara (Kordofan and Darfur) <BR>Nubian (northern Nile area) <BR>Dinka <BR>Shilluk <BR>Nuer <BR>Azande <BR>Bor <BR>Jo Luo <BR>Acholi <BR>Lotuhu <BR>Jamala <BR>Fertit <BR>Murle <BR>Equatorian </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a name="religious"></a><b>B. RELIGIOUS ORDERS</b></font> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> <BR>Islam (official religion) <BR>Sunni Muslim <BR>Christianity  Roman Catholic, Anglican, Coptic, Greek Orthodox <BR>Indigenous Nilotic religions <BR>Other indigenous faiths </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><a name="political"></a><b>C. POLITICAL, MILITARY, &amp; CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS</b></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> <BR><B>Arab League</B> - the League of Arab States; association of independent countries (including Sudan) dedicated to strengthening ties between member states and promoting common interests <BR><B>Baath</B> - secular political party from the North; sided w/Baath party in Iraq, support unification of Sudan with Libya or Egypt <BR><B>Boyya militia</B> - formed in Equatoria as means of defense against SPLM/A; also known as Taposa militia <BR><B>Didinga militia</B> - formed in Equatoria as means of defense against SPLM/A <BR><B>Islamic Charter Front</B> - 1974, political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood <BR><B>Mobile Forces Group</B> - part of the SSDF; formed at Juba Conference in April 2001 <BR><B>Mundari Forces</B> - militia which is part of SSDF, signed formal agreement with GOS, led by Kelement Wani; self- defense organization but now major component of SSDF and critical to defense of Juba <BR><B>Muslim Brotherhood</B> - Islamist activist movement <BR><B>National Congress Party</B> - ruling party <BR><B>National Front</B> - formed in 1974; conservative opposition to Nimeiri, dissolved 1977 <BR><B>Organization of the Islamic Conference</B> - inter- governmental organization with permanent delegation to the UN, representing 56 Islamic nations dedicated to serving the interests of the world s Muslims <BR><B>Republican Brothers </B> - religious party from the 1980s, created by Mahmud Muhammad Taha <BR><B>Southern Coordinating Council</B> - always been headed by a Nuer with an Equatorian deputy; focal point for Khartoum- based southern politicians and chairman Riek Gai <BR><B>Southern Regional Assembly</B> - elected assembly created under the 1972 Addis Ababa accords to govern southern Sudan <BR><B>Southern Sudanese Political Assoc.</B> - civilian cabinet created by TMC but failed <BR><B>Umma Party</B> - </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><br> <a name="major"></a><b><font size="4">V. Major Personages </font></b></font> <p><a name="last"></a><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">A. NAMES: LAST/FIRST</font></b></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"> <BR><B>Ahmed, Khidir Haroun</B> - vacant [Ambassador to the US from 2001] <BR><B>Akol, Lam</B> - Foreign Minister; a Shilluk; part of SPLM/A- United with Machar in 1991 <BR><B>Al- Bashir, Omar Hassan Ahmed</B> - President of Sudan, overthrows Sadiq 1989; also spelled  Beshir <BR><B>Al Mahdi, Sadiq</B> - head of Umma party; forms coalition gov t in 1986 with DUP and NIF; again in 1988, new coalition 1989 <BR><B>Al- Marghani, Mohamed Osman</B> - president of the NDA; exiled opposition chief <BR><B>Amum, Pagan</B> - General Secretary of the NDA of Sudan <BR><B>Anour, El Tom</B> - commander of the Bahr El Ghazal Military Area of SSDF Military High Command; major general in the Sudanese army <BR><B>Arman, Yassir</B> - spokesperson for the SPLM <BR><B>Arok, Aron Thon</B> - formed the Bor Group <BR><B>Badri, Gabril Abdul Kareen </B> - National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD) Field Commander; designated for target sanctions pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1591 <BR><B>Bihl, Tito</B> - former deputy to Taban Deng, lead SSIM party <BR><B>Dhahab, Abd ar Rahman Siwar adh </B> - overthrew Nimeiri 1985; sets up TMC to rule <BR><B>Deng, Francis</B> - grandson of former chief of Ngok Dinka in Abyei region <BR><B>Deng, Gatluak</B> - elected Chief of Staff of SSDF; confidant of Paulino Matiep; organized the Juba conference <BR><B>Deng, Taban</B> - candidate for the oil- rich Unity State, affiliated with Riek Machar <BR><B>Doc, Gabriel Yoal</B> - one of leaders of SSLM <BR><B>Duany, Michael Wal</B> - American citizen and professor of political science at Indiana University; leader of SSLM <BR><B>Gadet, Peter</B> - most active commander under Paulino Matiep in SSUM until May 2003 <BR><B>Gai, Riek</B> - former chairman of the Southern Coordinating Council, a body created to administer areas under its control in the South; member of the ruling National Congress Party <BR><B>Gai, Taban Deng</B> - SPLM commander; government claimed to be working with him in 2005 but he denied it, accusing the gov t of being responsible for the attack on Akobo <BR><B>Garang, John</B> - chairman of the SPLM/A (deceased) <BR><B>Gatduel, James</B> - first deputy of SSUM <BR><B>Gatwich, Simon</B> - Nuer area in Waat region; SSDF <BR><B>Ginye, Gabriel Tang</B> - commander who split from SSDF after 1998; from north- east Upper Nile area; contributed to burning of villages and displacement of peoples <BR><B>Godana, Bonaya</B> - Kenyan foreign minister, headed IGAD <BR><B>Guer, Deng</B> - led SSDF militia; defected to the SPLA <BR><B>Hassan al- Turabi</B> - Leader of the National Islamic Front, 1986 <BR><B>Hilal, Sheikh Musa</B> - Paramount Chief of the Jalul Tribe in North Darfur; designated for target sanctions pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1591 <BR><B>Igga, James Wani</B> - Third Deputy Chairman; designated to lead the governance issues in SPLM areas committee at the Rumbeck meeting in 2005 <BR><B>Ismail, Mustafa Osman</B> - Sudanese Foreign Minister <BR><B>Juch, Teny and Timothy Taban</B> - Nuer area commanders in Akobo area; SSDF <BR><B>Juuc, Timothy Taban</B> - Cdr; became a Brigadier in the regular army, led an attack on Akobo in February of 2005 as part of the SSLA <BR><B>Kenyi, Martin Terensio</B> - American- educated military leader from Mahdi tribe; one of leaders of EDF  military commander <BR><B>Kiir, Salva</B> - Successor of John Garang; SPLM member; First Vice President; deputy and military Chief of Staff <BR><B>Kiplagat, Bethuel</B> - Ambassador from Kenya; observed the recent peace talks in Sudan along with Sumbeiywo <BR><B>Kong, Gordon</B> - veteran under whom a Nasir group formed after a split in the SSDF in 1998 over power; deputy chief of staff for operations in SSDF Military High Command <BR><B>Kuany, Benson</B> - leader of the Mobile Forces of the SSDF <BR><B>Lagu, Joseph</B> - elected head of SSLM in 1971 <BR><B>Luc, John</B> - former judge; played critical role in establishment of SSLM, also part of SPLM/A <BR><B>Mabior, Thomas</B> - burned villages and displaced thousands of villagers; from the northern Jongelei area; commander, split from SSDF <BR><B>Makuei, Kawach</B> - signed Khartoum Agreement on behalf of SSIG; senior member of the SPLM/A <BR><B>Malwal, Joseph</B> - minister in the national government; led dominant section of UDSF <BR><B>Manis, Omar Bashir Mohamed</B> - vacant [Ambassador to the UN] <BR><B>Matiep, Paulino</B> - leader of the SSDF; created SSUM <BR><B>Mashar, Riek</B> - Nuer, former Garang lieutenant; led rebel factions that agreed to sign a series of agreements with the government in 1997; head of SPLM/A- United when the party split in 1991 <BR><B>Moi, James</B> - leading SPLM member and chairman of the high committee for reception of the delegation (IGAD peace talks) <BR><B>Mum, Thon/Tom</B> - Dinka commander, militia leader of SSDF; defected to local SPLA <BR><B>Nafie, Nafie Ali</B> - Minister of Federal Affairs <BR><B>Nhial, Nhial Deng</B> - senior official and governor of the SPLA region of Bahr El Ghazal, headed Khartoum delegation of Sudan Peace Talks <BR><B>Nimeiri, Gaafar Muhammad</B> - President 1971- 85, in 1983 wants to enforce Islamic law more severely in penal code, establishes decisive justice courts, and contributes to the resuming of civil war in Sudan <BR><B>Ochieng, Theopholis</B> - doctor and politician, one of leaders of EDF since 1980s <BR><B>Riak, Kelia</B> - leader of the Bor Group <BR><B>Sahnoun, Mohamed</B> - UN Secretary General s Special Advisor <BR><B>Sule, Peter</B> - head of the United Democratic Front, a break- away faction of the SSDF <BR><B>Sumbeiywo, Lazaro</B> - General; Army Commander for the Gov t of Kenya; key actor in the Machakos talks <BR><B>Taban, Timothy</B> - senior military commander of the SSLM <BR><B>Taha, Ali Osman Muhamad</B> - Vice President of Sudan (First Vice during the peace talks) <BR><B>Taha, Mahmud Muhammad </B> - Sufi shaykh, founded the Republican Brothers in the 1950s as an Islamic reform movement <BR><B>Tang, Gabriel</B> - Nuer area commander in north- east Upper Nile region; SSDF <BR><B>Terensio, Martin</B> - overall commander of SSDF forces in Equatoria <BR><B>Tibi, Peter</B> - Reverend; deputy secretary general of the New Sudan Council of Churches <BR><B>El- Turabi, Hassan</B> - head of the Popular National Congress Party; jailed by former colleagues for the past few years <BR><B>Wanagi, James</B> - leading member of the SPLM/A from Equatoria; represents one wing of the Fertit <BR><B>Wani, Kelement</B> - leader of the Mundari Forces; former officer of Anyanya I and member of National Congress Party, advisor to SSDF, and deputy chairman of Southern Coordinating Council <BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><br> <a name="expressions"></a><font size="4"><b>VI. Etc.</b></font></p> <BR><B>Abyei Boundary Commission</B> - Set up July 14, 2005 to try and settle the North- South border dispute <BR><B>Addis Ababa Agreement </B> - Signed 1972; guaranteed autonomy for the southern region of Sudan <BR><B>Anyanya</B> - rebel movement; signed Addis Ababa Agreement 1972 <BR><B>Bor Group</B> - one of the signatories to the Khartoum Agreement <BR><B>Darfur</B> - region located in western area of Sudan, near the border of Chad <BR><B>DUP- SPLM Agreement</B> - 1988 (Nov) implemented by Sadiq, commitment to ending southern civil war <BR><B>IGAD- Partners Forum</B> - meetings of donor countries and organizations are held to support the IGAD peace process and assist in regional organization to enhance capacity <BR><B>Jalaba</B> - term for northerners <BR><B>Jellaba</B> - Arab Northerners <BR><B>Jingaweit/Janjaweed</B> - Sudanese government army/militia of Arabized black African Muslims to control rebel movements of black non- Arab Africans <BR><B>Juba </B> - Capital city of southern Sudanese region <BR><B>Khartoum </B> - Capital city of Sudan <BR><B>Kober Prison</B> - political detainees held here were released in 1985 <BR><B>Koka Dam Declaration</B> - March 1986, demands repeal of sharia, desires Sudan free from racism and sectarianism <BR><B>Libyan/Egyptian Joint Initiative on the Sudan</B> - called for the establishment of an interim government, powersharing, constitutional reform, and new elections <BR><B>Machakos Protocol</B> - July 2002, Sudanese government and SPLM/A agree on the role of state and religion, as well as southern Sudan self- determination <BR><B>Nairobi Declaration on the Final Phase of Peace </B> - signed June 6, 2004, ending civil war <BR><B>Naivasha Agreement</B> - <BR><B>Nasir faction</B> - another name for the SPLM/A- United party after the SPLM/A split in 1991; headed by Riek Machar and Lam Akol <BR><B>National Unity Day</B> - March 27, 1972  when Addis Ababa Agreement is signed, unity for Southern Sudan <BR><B>September Laws</B> - Nimeiri s 1983 proclamation of sharia as the basis of Sudanese legal system and redivision of Southern Sudan into 3 old provinces <BR><B>Sharia</B> - Islamic law <BR><B>Shayk</B> - local tribal leader <BR><B>Sudan Peace Act</B> - law H.R. 5531, signed October 7, 2002 in US House of Reps condemning human rights violations, calling for multilateralization of economic and diplomatic tools, seeking to find a comprehensive solution to the war <BR><B>Torit faction</B> - another name for the SPLM/A mainstream party lead by Dr John Garang when the SPLM/A split in 1991 <BR><B>Wallis</B> - term for governors <BR><B>Wealth Sharing Agreement</B> - part of the CPA, covers the division of oil and non- oil revenues, the management of the oil sector, the monetary authority and reconstruction of the South and other war- affected areas during pre- interim and interim periods <BR><B>White Nile Ltd.</B> - Company in Block Ba; in Feb 2005 signed agreement with government of south Sudan to acquire 60% interest in Block Ba <BR> </font></p> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2"><a href="#top"><font size="-1">&laquo;</font>RETURN TO TOP<font size="-1">&raquo;</font></a></font></p> </td> </tr> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp; <p>&nbsp; <tr> <td colspan="4" bgcolor="#990000"> <div align="center"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF">For further information or to volunteer for an interview, please contact: <br> <font color="#3399FF"><br> <font color="#FFFFFF"></font></font><br> Executive Director<br> </font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1" color="#FFFFFF"><a href="mailto:jzetkulic@adst.org"><font color="#0099FF"><b>executivedirector@adst.org</b></font></a><br> 703-302-6991</font> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>